Often people come to ask such a question: open window fan should open how big? Is there any design specification, is there any national regulation ah? How to calculate the strength of the window?
There are many failures in window design, two common ones: windows that are too small and windows that are too big. Said are windows open fan: open fan is too small, the result is poor ventilation, neither energy-saving nor suitable for living; open fan is too large, the result is to open the inconvenience, and may even be because of the inconvenience of opening and closing the windows affects the operation of the safety.
1. Window too small – poor ventilation
Window opening fan is relatively easy to solve the problem of too small, a variety of design specifications have a residential ventilation opening area of the minimum value of the provisions.
Commonly speaking, a bedroom of about 12m2, a 600mm × 1000mm open fan can meet the ventilation requirements; a living room of about 20 square meters, there are two 600mm × 1000mm open fan can be satisfied; 4 square meters of the bright bathroom, there is a 600mm × 600mm open fan will be enough; the kitchen ventilation requirements are higher, 5 ~ 6 square meters Kitchen ventilation requirements are higher, 5 to 6 square meters of the kitchen, there is a 600mm × 1000mm open fan can also meet.
All of the above is the minimum value, from the functional point of view, the opening area is certainly better, but the opening fan is more expensive than the fixed fan, so the designer needs to consider the ventilation area of the window on the basis of the minimum value, according to the positioning of the project.
(Note: It should be noted that some cities, the construction department issued a local specification applicable to the region, such as Shenzhen, Nanning and other cities provide for the opening area of windows and doors is not less than 8% of the area of the room, etc., in these cities, the engineering design should pay attention to comply with these norms, the specific provisions will not be listed.)
2. Window is too big – inconvenient to open
n fact, the state issued by the production of windows and doors in the specification does not specify the size of the window outside the fan range, but the provisions of the windows and doors of the airtightness, watertightness, wind pressure resistance, etc., as well as the service life of the hardware, the size of the opening and closing force and other indicators. In other words, as long as you do out of the window to achieve these indicators is qualified, as far as you realize the specific form of these indicators specific design is regardless. We can be a hundred schools of thought, continuous innovation, to make better products.
Window opening fan is too big problem, on the one hand, there are window too heavy easily lead to hardware deformation problem, on the other hand, because of the direct impact on the use and safety, so more prominent and sharp. But if some conservative, design a little smaller, and there is not enough ventilation problems; In addition, now commonly used broken bridge aluminum alloy and other profiles larger size, if the window sash is too small, the part of the glass is less, profiles accounted for the proportion of the weight will rise, the cost is not economical.
Therefore, to choose a moderate size. Here and open the way related: if it is the inner casement, because people can open the window operation to the indoor back, so the problem is not prominent; but if it is the outer casement, people need to make the outdoor sequentially “arm → bend down” action in order to complete the operation of the window, so the opening of the fan is very sensitive to the problem of too big.
Design recommendations are as follows:
Casement window opening fan: width should not be greater than 700, less than 500, preferably about 600; height should not be greater than 1400, less than 900, preferably 1000-1200; the use of oversized opening fan (too wide or too high), especially when the external opening, must be carefully considered to open the convenience and safety.
(Now there is a new type of external opening window hardware, hand-cranked external opening window hardware, the use of this form of hardware, people no longer need to probe out, only need to easily turn the crank to open and close the window sash. In this way, as long as the strength of the window profile is sufficient, the total weight of the sash does not exceed the carrying capacity of the hardware can break through the 600mm opening width limit. (There are more advanced electric remote control of the window type is even more not to mention.)
Need to explain is the height: we are concerned about the window is too large when the problem, often only focus on the width, in fact, the height is also very “fatal”. For the general outside casement windows, in the case of a certain height of the sill, the higher the sash, open the position of the handle will be higher, and in the “arm ¡ú stooping” in the process of opening the window action, the height of the manpower can reach is showing a downward trend. Therefore, the window is too high, the handle is too high, will increase the inconvenience of operation. Height 1.6 ~ 1.7m of the average person, the height of the arm stretched out about 1.4 ~ 1.5m, according to the ordinary window sill 0.9m high considerations, 1.0 ~ 1.2m is to open the fan of a reasonable height (see figure below).
The above analysis is in the 0.9m height to start setting the case of opening the fan, encountered 0.6m high low bay window, because the lower part of the fixed fan for the 300mm is not economical, the starting height of the opening fan will be higher than 0.9m, which is more need to carefully consider the height/width of the opening fan. In addition, low bay window, more security issues, it is appropriate to use the inner casement, in order to facilitate the user to open and close.
3. Indoor safety – a neglected issue
Window design, there is a problem that is often overlooked: now widely used broken bridge aluminum alloy profiles, sharp edges, if the inner casement window, the lower edge of the sash angle from the ground height of about 0.9m to 1.1m, will be in the window activities of children aged 3 to 5 years of age to form a threat to the safety of children – head-butting.
There are only two ways to avoid: the use of external casement or casement inverted (internal casement + top-hung) windows, but the former is not suitable for use in high-rise, the latter will increase the cost. Therefore, this humanized design must be combined with the positioning of the project. In some high-end medium and high-rise residential projects, the use of casement windows can enhance the value of the product from the perspective of humanized design.
Conclusion:
Residential windows and doors are a seemingly simple design product, but because it is closely related to the most long-term use by the widest audience, every detail of engineering technology needs to be carefully considered. “Details are the devil”, this saying is very aptly used in residential design, the design of the window type is only one of the aspects of the residential detail design, how much effort is not wasted.
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